John Henry Newmans Definition of a Gentleman

A leader in the Oxford Movement and a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church, John Henry Newman  (1801-1890) was a prolific writer and one of the most talented rhetoricians in 19th-century Britain. He served as the first rector of the Catholic University of Ireland (now University College Dublin) and was beatified by the Catholic Church in September 2010. In The Idea of a University, originally delivered as a series of lectures in 1852, Newman provides a compelling definition and defense of a liberal arts education, arguing that the primary purpose of a university is to develop the mind, not dispense information. From Discourse VIII of that work comes A Definition of a Gentleman, a superb example of character writing.  Note Cardinal Newmans reliance on parallel structures  in this extended definition -- in particular his use of paired constructions  and tricolons. A Definition of a Gentleman [I]t is almost a definition of a gentleman to say he is one who never inflicts pain. This description is both refined and, as far as it goes, accurate. He is mainly occupied in merely removing the obstacles which hinder the free and unembarrassed action of those about him, and he concurs with their movements rather than takes the initiative himself. His benefits may be considered as parallel to what are called comforts or conveniences in arrangements of a personal nature: like an easy chair or a good fire, which do their part in dispelling cold and fatigue, though nature provides both means of rest and animal heat without them. The true gentleman in like manner carefully avoids whatever may cause a jar or a jolt in the minds of those with whom he is cast;--all clashing of opinion, or collision of feeling, all restraint, or suspicion, or gloom, or resentment; his great concern being to make everyone at their ease and at home. He has his eyes on all his company; he is tender towards the bashful, gentle towards the distant, and merciful towards the absurd; he can recollect to whom he is speaking; he guards against unseasonable allusions, or topics which may irritate; he is seldom prominent in conversation, and never wearisome. He makes light of favours while he does them, and seems to be receiving when he is conferring. He never speaks of himself except when compelled, never defends himself by a mere retort, he has no ears for slander or gossip, is scrupulous in imputing motives to those who interfere with him, and interprets everything for the best. He is never mean or little in his disputes, never takes unfair advantage, never mistakes personalities or sharp sayings for arguments, or insinuates evil which he dare not say out. From a long-sighted prudence, he observes the maxim of the ancient sage, that we should ever conduct ourselves towards our enemy as if he were one day to be our friend. He has too much good sense to be affronted at insults, he is too well employed to remember injuries, and too indolent to bear malice. He is patient, forbearing, and resigned, on philosophical principles; he submits to pain, because it is inevitable, to bereavement, because it is irreparable, and to death, because it is his destiny. If he engages in controversy of any kind, his disciplined intellect preserves him from the blundering discourtesy of better, perhaps, but less educated minds; who, like blunt weapons, tear and hack instead of cutting clean, who mistake the point in argument, waste their strength on trifles, misconceive their adversary, and leave the question more involved than they find it. He may be right or wrong in his opinion, but he is too clear-headed to be unjust; he is as simple as he is forcible, and as brief as he is decisive. Nowhere shall we find greater candour, consideration, indulgence: he throws himself into the minds of his opponents, he accounts for their mistakes. He knows the weakness of human reason as well as its strength, its province and its limits. If he be an unbeliever, he will be too profound and large-minded to ridicule religion or to act against it; he is too wise to be a dogmatist or fanatic in his infidelity. He respects piety and devotion; he even supports institutions as venerable, beautiful, or useful, to which he does not assent; he honours the ministers of religion, and it contents him to decline its mysteries without assailing or denouncing them. He is a friend of religious toleration, and that, not only because his philosophy has taught him to look on all forms of faith with an impartial eye, but also from the gentleness and effeminacy of feeling, which is the attendant on civilization. Not that he may not hold a religion too, in his own way, even when he is not a Christian. In that case, his religion is one of imagination and sentiment; it is the embodiment of those ideas of the sublime, majestic, and beautiful, without which there can be no large philosophy. Sometimes he acknowledges the being of God, sometimes he invests an unknown principle or quality with the attributes of perfection. And this deduction of his reason, or creation of his fancy, he makes the occasion of such excellent thoughts, and the starting-point of so varied and systematic a teaching, that he even seems like a disciple of Christianity itself. From the very accuracy and steadiness of his logical powers, he is able to see what sentiments are consistent in those who hold any religious doctrine at all, and he appears to others to feel and to hold a whole circle of theological truths, which exist in his mind no otherwise than as a number of deductions.

Pepsico Organizational Behavior Project - 3444 Words

I. LITERATURE REVIEW A. Motivation: Motivation is defined as the process of Internal and external factors that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors like committed to a job, role, or to make an effort to attain a goal, has been considered as one of the most frequently studied topic in the organizational science and the critical area in the Organization Behavior. Motivation consist of three major components: 1st is direction which is the road the motivator use to attain his goal, 2nd is the intensity that is noticed by the concentration and vigor that goes into pursuing his goal, 3rd last is Persistence which is the continuity of the effort toward the goal. Early studies on motivation were written between the end of†¦show more content†¦Employees will expected to respond to this is different ways, like de-motivation, reduced effort, becoming disgruntled, or leaving the company. * Goal Setting Theory The goal setting theory is the focus of this project therefore it is discussed in details through the literature review. Goal Setting Theory is stated under the contemporary theories of motivation, the theory is defined as â€Å"Specific and difficult goals, with feedback, lead to higher performance†. This means that when a worker is addressed or asked to perform a certain task which is told specifically will be more effective than asking a worker to do a general thing for the organization. Specific goals are always better material for production than the generalized goals. Commitment to do a certain task concerning your job with specific criteria will help you be directed towards your plan to work and perform the job/task. For example, in real life, if a student is told by his father, I want you to achieve good grades this year so I can buy you a new car and another student is told by his father, I expect you to get good grades not lower than Bs in all your courses with minim um GPA 3 in order to buy you the new car you want. Which student do you think will be more motivated to study in order to achieve theShow MoreRelatedDiversity And Inclusion Of An Organization1204 Words   |  5 Pagessenior leader at PepsiCo to focus on diversity and inclusion from a perspective of changing the entire culture of PepsiCo. Under Reinemund’s leadership there led to a 38.8% increase of employees that felt the culture of PepsiCo was more inclusive from the impact of inclusion training. There is a great demand for individuals who know how to design and adapt their product and service to meet the needs of our ever changing society. The change I am speaking of it has to do with organizational culture. CulturallyRead MoreChanging Culture at Pizza Hut6434 Words   |  26 PagesChanging Culture at Pizza Hut and Yum! Brands, Inc. The concept of corporate culture has captured the imagination of executives for years. For executives struggling to manage organizational change, understanding their organization’s culture has become paramount before undertaking such a change. They realize that significant strategic and structural realignment cannot occur if it is not supported by the organization’s norms and values. Organization cultures are created by leaders and, therefore,Read MorePepsi Co. 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They have provided some data about their functional management and business policy but that was not sufficient enough to prepare the report. We have collected other data about them from the corporate website of PepsiCo Ltd. and mainly prepared the report with our own effort. 1.3 ObjectiveRead MorePepsi Project Report13786 Words   |  56 PagesA SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT ON â€Å"ANALYSIS OF ANTI PEPSI BEHAVIOUR OF RETAIL OUTLETS† SUBMITED TOWARDS PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED BY- PRADEEP PANKAJ SINGH PGDM(2008-10) ENROLMENT NO-2029742128. FACULTY GUIDE INDUSTRY GUIDE MR. VISHAL AGGARWAL MR. RAVEND BIJLANI ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Read MoreEssay on Image of Chnage2975 Words   |  12 PagesCoco-Cola and PepsiCo The Change Analysis and Images of Change Johanna M. 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People Who Changed the World Free Essays

Nelson Mandela was born July 18, 1918 in Mutate, Transfer, South Africa to the chief of Moved, and after his father’s death when he was only nine years old, he was raised by the powerful ruler of the Themes Tribe, Contacting Delineated (Book, 2009). His thoughts were organized and disciplined by his father and guardian, who groomed him to someday be chief. It was not by mere chance that Nelson Mandela became the president of South Africa (Book, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on People Who Changed the World or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mandela was wise for his years, he dreamed of democracy for his people. He was educated earning a BAA degree in 1942 at University of South Africa. At the University of Watersides he worked on his law degree. Mandela and colleague, Oliver Tomb started South Africans first Black law firm (Book, 2009). Mandela fought tirelessly for the liberation of South Africa. In 1948 Apartheid became the official law of the land in South Africa. Each nationality in South Africa had to live in a separate geographic location, interracial marriage was not allowed, and South Africans had to be registered according to their race (Book, 2009). Mandela arranged a campaign to alleviate the dishonest laws. Charges of treason led him to prison and confinement on several occasions (Book, 2009). The Arriving Trial of 1964 became known all around the world. Mandela again charged with treason but, this time sentenced to life in prison with no chance of parole. Appeals for clemency came to South Africa from abroad and the New York Times editorialist the trial charging the government as the guilty party (Book, 2009). However, for the next eighteen years Mandela was restricted to a maximum security prison on Robber Island off the coast of South Africa. Prison was a mere hindrance for Mandela. His conviction to bring about change grew stronger. He led political study groups and put together Judicial appeals or other inmates while he himself was serving a life sentence (Book, 2009). The violence in South Africa was overwhelming and rampant throughout, killing many innocent women and children. In 1980, with strong suggestion from the NC, a campaign was set in motion by the Johannesburg newspaper to free Mandela (Book, 2009). A petition was drafted which thousands of people willingly signed to demand Mandela’s freedom. Mandela was held in high regard, the brave representative of Black South African’ fight for freedom (Book, 2009). In 1982 Poolrooms Maximum Security Prison became Mandela’s next house of horror. The youth of black South Africans gained recognition and compassion from abroad and the government’s rising international criticism of its laws had to be addressed (Book, 2009). In 1985 President Booth’s attitude changed, Mandela was involved in secret government meetings. Meetings with the minister of Justice, Kebob Cosset were important and beneficial and led to a more promising future for Mandela and South Africa. February 1 1, 1990 Mandela was released from prison (Book, 2009). Months later Mandela set out on a world tour throughout North America and Europe. He was welcomed as a hero and world leader. In Great Britain he met with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. In the US he had discussions with President George H. W. Bush (Book, 2009). In 1991 Apartheid was no more, South Africa became a truly democratic, nonracial government. In 1993, Mandela and F. W. Clerk were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for the peaceful termination of the Apartheid regime (Book, 2009). Also in 1993 another milestone was reached all South Africans were allowed to vote April 24, 1994. Mandela was elected first Black President in South Africa, he served from 1994 to 1999. Mandela and the government of national unity developed a program that testified blacks and attracted investments from abroad. In 1996 Mandela signed a new South African Constitution into law. The document made the government stronger, guaranteed expressions of freedom and minority rights. The lifelong dream of President Mandela was realized (Book, 2009). Mandela continued to serve South Africa after he was no longer president (Book, 2009). He died in his home in Johannesburg December 5, 2013. Dry. Martin Luther King, Jar was an American Pastor, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African- American Civil Rights movement. He was born January, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. Unlike Nelson Mandela, he was nonviolent in his pursuit for civil rights. He fought for civil rights until his assassination April 4, 1968 (Martin Luther King, 2011) He was born Michael King, Jar. To a Baptist minister in rural Georgia. Michael King, Sir. Adopted the name in honor of the German Protestant religious leader Martin Luther, which he later followed suit (Martin Luther King, 2011). Martin Luther King had a religious upbringing. His father and grandfather were both Baptist ministers. By the time he was 25 years of age he was the pastor at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church and had completed his Ph. D. In 1955 Martin Luther King, 2011). In 1955 The Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955 spearheaded by Dry. King was a demonstration that led to change in the civil rights of black people. Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man, she was removed from the bus and Jailed. Rosa Parks and 5 other women appeared as ordered, represented by a lawyer, sued the court for segregation on buses (Martin Luther King, 2011). The Montgomery federal court ruled that segregation on buses violated the 14th amendment. The bus boycott came to an end December 1956 and the Supreme Court prohibited segregation on buses (Martin Luther King, 2011). Black people were no longer required to sit on the back of the bus. Also this courageous boycott aided in the dissolution of the Jim Crow Laws. In 1963, Martin Luther King, Jar. And his constituents assembled the famous March on Washington that congregated more than 200,000 people to the Lincoln Memorial. King made his most renowned, â€Å"l Have a Dream,† speech (Martin Luther King, 2011). In effect the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was constructed. The federal government has declared desegregation of public facilities illegal (Martin Luther King, 2011). While it did not resolve all problems of coordination, the law lessened racial restrictions. How to cite People Who Changed the World, Essays

Contributions of First Nations

Questions: 1. Explain how the relationship between First Nations and European settlers changed after 1850.2. List 4 new industries that depended on First Nations workers.3. How did Christianity change aboriginal culture? Answers: 1. The individuals of First Nation lived quite melodiously with the fur merchants who came into their territory from Montreal in order to acquire furs. The Canadian fur merchants were previously not interested in taking up the lands of the First Nation however; they only made the use of the skills of Native tracking and trapping to make the furs available for sale in the European markets. After 1850, the individuals of the First Nation and European settlers started a long fight for land. The relationship between the individuals of the First Nation and European settlers during the era of British Columbia were not completely unfriendly (Snelgrove, Dhamoon Corntassel, 2014). 2. The list of four new industries that depended on First Nations workers are fishing, fish canning, lumber mills and cattle ranching. These industries were equally important to both the workers as well as the owners. With the development of the new industries, most of the First Nations became engaged in the labor force, leaving at the back conventional hunting and collecting activities. 3. Christianity influenced aboriginal culture by several ways and most of the aboriginal individuals are Christians. Since most of the native people have been in missions and subject to Christianization, it would astonish if these manipulation had not manifested in their religious studies. By practicing Christianity, Aboriginal people will enhance as an individual. They will stop smoking and promote preservation of land. Christianity mostly incorporates components of Aboriginal culture that includes smoking leaves as well as conventional song that are performed alongside liturgical Christian prayers (Frykenberg, 2013). References Frykenberg, R. E. (Ed.). (2013).Christians and missionaries in India: Cross-cultural communication since 1500. Routledge. Snelgrove, C., Dhamoon, R., Corntassel, J. (2014). Unsettling settler colonialism: The discourse and politics of settlers, and solidarity with Indigenous nations.Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education Society,3(2).